Metabolomics studies have revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, in both the bulk insects’ biomass and frass, such as long-chain fatty acids, esters and amides. Biodegradation by insects has also been reported for other polymers such as polyethylene (PE). In particular, studies have reported the potential degradation of PS using different insects: mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor), superworms ( Zophobas morio) and waxworms ( Galleria mellonella). There is an increasing interest in the biodegradation of plastics, by microbial activity or specific enzymatic activity. Its large production and low recycling rates result in high potential for its accumulation in the environment, with risks for the survival of wildlife and detrimental effects on human health. Polystyrene (PS) is a plastic polymer extensively used for the production of food packaging contact materials (FCMs) due to its low cost, durability and mechanical properties. Plastic packaging is often associated with potential harm to the environment and human health. The diets resulted in differences in the gut microbiota, and three potential bacterial strains were identified as candidates involved in the biodegradation of PS. The protein and nitrogen contents in insects’ biomass and frass varied amongst treatments. In addition, it was demonstrated that the addition of H 2O significantly improved the biodegradation of PS monomer and oligomer residues, which could be identified only in the frass. The diet with the low ratio of bran:PS led to the presence of higher amounts of these compounds, compared to that with the high ratio. A diet of bran:PS at 4:1 and 20:1 ratios was tested. This study carried out a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome of Tenebrio molitor larvae under different feeding strategies, and of the formation of degradation compounds (monomers, oligomers). It is hypothesized that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the degradation of PS by mealworms. Degradation of PS by mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor) has been suggested as a possible biological strategy for plastic contamination however, the biodegradation mechanism of PS by mealworms is poorly understood. PS is difficult to decompose and has low recycling rates, resulting in its accumulation in the environment, in the form of microplastic particles causing pollution and harming oceans and wildlife.
Polystyrene (PS) is a plastic polymer extensively used for food packaging.
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